講座題目：人工智能技術在二氧化碳減排領域的應用

報 告 人：Markus Kraft

時 　 間：2020年1月13日(周一)9:30-11:30

地 　 點：中關村校區(qū)3號教學樓146

主辦單位：研究生院,、機電學院

報名方式：登錄北京理工大學微信企業(yè)號---第二課堂---課程報名中選擇“【百家大講堂】第315期：人工智能技術在二氧化碳減排領域的應用”

【主講人簡介】

  Markus Kraft教授是劍橋化學工程與生物技術系教授,，新加坡劍橋CREATE研究中心主任，CARES研究計劃中的“化學技術CO2減排劍橋中心”的首席研究員,。Markus Kraft教授于1992年在Kaiserslautern大學獲得了應用數(shù)學學士學位,，并于1997年在該大學獲得了了化學博士學位。之后，在卡爾斯魯大學和柏林的維爾斯特拉斯應用分析與隨機研究所工作,。1999年,，成為劍橋大學化學工程系的講師。2012年,，在劍橋大學獲得了名譽博士學位,。他的研究主要是致力于對汽車，電力和化學工業(yè)中的二氧化碳減排技術的計算建模和優(yōu)化處理,。

Prof Markus Kraft is a Fellow of Churchill College Cambridge and Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. He is the director of CARES, the Singapore-Cambridge CREATE Research Centre, and Principle Investigator of C4T the “Cambridge Centre for Carbon Reduction in Chemical Technology”, which is a CARES research programme. Professor Kraft obtained the academic degree 'Diplom Technomathematiker' at the University of Kaiserslautern in 1992 and completed his Doctor rerum naturalium in Chemistry at the same University in 1997. Subsequently, he worked at the University of Karlsruhe and the Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics in Berlin. In 1999 he became a lecturer in the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge. In 2012 he obtained a ScD form the same University. He has a strong interest in the area of computational modelling and optimisation targeted towards developing CO2 abatement and emissions reduction technologies for the automotive, power and chemical industries.

【講座信息】

  由溫室氣體所引起的全球變暖在近些年來引起了廣泛的關注,。在不久的將來，能源的供應方式將進行重大的改進,，用以降低甚至阻止大氣溫度的升高和隨之而來的負面后果,。在本次演講中，Kraft 教授將重點介紹基于人工智能（AI）的網(wǎng)絡物理系統(tǒng)和知識圖譜在CO2減排領域的應用,。目前,，大數(shù)據(jù)，機器學習和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等數(shù)字技術正受到越來越多的關注,，正是因為它們可以在有限的經(jīng)濟投入下幫助實現(xiàn)CO2減排,。基于這些先進的數(shù)字技術,，即形成所謂的網(wǎng)絡物理系統(tǒng)（CPS）,，可提供進一步的協(xié)同效應，從而提高能源供應和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的效率,，進而優(yōu)化其經(jīng)濟可行性和環(huán)境友好性,。本次演講將會評估CPS中數(shù)字技術對能源系統(tǒng)減排的即時作用以及潛在的影響。此外,，當CPS與人工智能（AI）結合使用時,，減排技術可能會以不可預見的速度發(fā)展，但同時也伴隨著難以預測的潛在風險,。Kraft教授團隊目前正在開發(fā)的網(wǎng)絡物理系統(tǒng)稱為J-Park Simulator（JPS）,，它是http://www.theworldavatar.com/項目的一部分。JPS由一個包含域本體的IRI網(wǎng)絡,，知識庫和不同類型代理組成,。它的一個重要的應用是生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的建模和優(yōu)化，這包括了電網(wǎng),，各種物理網(wǎng)絡（例如,，廢熱網(wǎng)絡）以及每個工業(yè)過程的詳細模型。在本次演講中,，Kraft教授將解釋JPS的工作原理并給出幾個實際示例,。

Global warming caused by greenhouse gases have caused great concern for a number of reasons. It is clear that drastic changes have to be implemented in the near future to reduce or stop the increase of average temperature and the many negative consequences that go with it. In my talk I shall concentrate on AI-based Cyberphysical systems and knowledge graphs.  The decarbonisation of energy provision is key to managing global greenhouse gas emissions and hence mitigating climate change. Digital technologies such as big data, machine learning, and the Internet of Things are receiving more and more attention as they can aid the decarbonisation process while requiring limited investments. The orchestration of these novel technologies, so-called cyber-physical systems (CPS), provides further, synergetic effects that increase efficiency of energy provision and industrial production, thereby optimising economic feasibility and environmental impact. This comprehensive review article assesses the current as well as the potential impact of digital technologies within CPS on the decarbonisation of energy systems. Ad-hoc calculation for selected applications of CPS and its subsystems estimates not only the economic impact but also the emission reduction potential. This assessment clearly shows that digitalisation of energy systems using CPS completely alters the marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) and creates novel pathways for the transition to a low-carbon energy system. Moreover, the assessment concludes that when CPS are combined with artificial intelligence (AI), decarbonisation could potentially progress at an unforeseeable pace while introducing unpredictable and potentially existential risks. The cyber-physical system we are currently developing is called J-Park Simulator (JPS) which is the signature project in the C4T programme of CARES at the University of Cambridge and part of the http://www.theworldavatar.com/ project.  JPS consists of a network of IRIs comprising domain ontologies, a knowledge base and different types of agents. One important application is the modelling and optimisation of eco-industrial parks. This includes the electrical grid, various networks of materials, for example, waste heat network along with a detailed model of each industrial process. In my talk I shall explain how JPS works and show a couple of examples.