【中國日報網(wǎng)】李健委員：教育扶貧,，要真正做到有效扶貧
發(fā)布日期：2017-03-14 供稿：中國日報網(wǎng) 編輯：楊晶 審核：王征 閱讀次數(shù)：
原文標題：教育扶貧,，要真正做到有效扶貧
原文鏈接：http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/edu/2017-03/14/content_28552590.htm?from=singlemessage&isappinstalled=0
日前，針對教育扶貧問題，全國政協(xié)委員,、北京理工大學人文與社會科學學院院長李健教授認為,，教育扶貧,，一定要圍繞貧困地區(qū)最亟待解決的問題,，精準發(fā)力，扶到根上,。
“扶貧一直以來都是社會各界關注的問題,，但是很多扶貧還是停留在短期工作上，例如給貧困人員安排工作,、提供生活補助等等,，但這些都不能從根本上解困貧困問題”，李健委員說道,。
談及脫貧難問題,，李委員認為，除了一定的客觀環(huán)境等因素,，一些貧困者難以脫貧的根本原因在于其知識文化水平太低,，自身沒有“造血功能”,，拔掉貧窮病根最關鍵在于教育。
李委員繼續(xù)說道,，他所說的教育是廣義的教育,，既包括小初中高基礎教育的普及、大學招生適當?shù)恼邇A斜,、國家在資金和師資等方面的支持,，也包括針對貧困者開展的技能培訓和職業(yè)培訓。
“具體說來,，我建議在貧困地區(qū)開展各式各樣,、結合當?shù)靥攸c的培訓教育,，普及一般文化知識和農(nóng)業(yè)技能,，教會他們?nèi)绾慰茖W農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)”，李委員說,。
這是他對自己的家鄉(xiāng)進行了調研之后的有感而發(fā),。“同一個村,，同樣的自然環(huán)境,、同樣的土壤、同樣的一批種子,，農(nóng)民種植的水果產(chǎn)量卻有多有少,、質量天壤之別”，他認為農(nóng)民是否會科學種植起了決定性的作用,。
“這種方式的教育扶貧也有助于阻斷貧困的代際傳播,，使徹底脫貧成為現(xiàn)實”，李委員補充道,。
談到目前國家對貧困地區(qū)的高考招生傾斜政策,，李委員認為，這是一項重要的教育扶貧舉措,，但是這一政策在推行過程中還是存在一些不科學的地方,。
他認為，經(jīng)濟水平的落后和教育資源的相對匱乏,，導致來自相對貧困地區(qū)的高中畢業(yè)生多數(shù)在知識結構和積累上并不能真正達到高校課程的要求,，導致一部分人來到大學之后“學習跟不上”，還有一些學生,，由于所報專業(yè)并不貼合當?shù)亟?jīng)濟所需,，未能“反哺家鄉(xiāng)”反倒面臨“畢業(yè)即失業(yè)”的問題。
針對這些現(xiàn)象,，李委員建議政府和學校加強對這些學生專業(yè)選擇指導,，選專業(yè)時不能“選太偏”,，而應選擇其家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展所需的專業(yè)門類，便于其畢業(yè)后反哺家鄉(xiāng),。同時,，選學校不能“拔太高”，要量力而行,，保證學生能“跟得上”,、“學得好”，真正做到有效扶貧,。
"Poverty can be reduced through educationand knowledge and skills can help lessen the burden of poverty," said Li Jian, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and dean of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Beijing Institute of Technology, sharing his ideas on targeted poverty alleviation, a hot issue at this year's meeting.
"People sometimes misunderstand the meaning of targeted poverty relief, assuming that helping the targeted group increase its income in the short term, or directly allocating poverty alleviation funds can help them out of poverty, while neglecting the fundamental thing which should be education," commented Li in his interview with chinadaily.com.cn on March 11.
He emphasized that targeted poverty relief must be comprehensive, scientific, highly efficient and continuous, and he suggested that vocational education should be a top priority.
People who have passed school age could receive training to gain basic knowledge and skills in either farming or industrial work,helping them make a good living by their own hands.
"This is the most practical way and can also solve the generation-to-generation problem in poverty," he said.
Li has been keeping a close eye on the implementation of the national policy prioritizing high school students from China's western regions and ethnic regions as college and university candidates, saying that "although this policy is designed out of good will and intends to narrow the gap between east and west China, it is sometimes carried out improperly.
"For example, some students from these places who have been given priority for entering college or university may not fully meet the knowledge requirements for their major,and thus may find it difficult to catch up with their classmates," Li said, "and some others may find what they have learned in their major to be useless for their hometown's economic development when they return."
Li suggested that to solve this problem government or educational institutions should offer guidance to such students to help them choose suitable majors, universities and colleges.
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